{"id":1417,"date":"2021-10-04T12:53:23","date_gmt":"2021-10-04T10:53:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/a2kadvisory.com\/?p=1417"},"modified":"2021-10-04T13:36:33","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T11:36:33","slug":"the-commodities-driving-the-173-trillion-global-energy-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a2kadvisory.com\/fr\/2021\/10\/04\/the-commodities-driving-the-173-trillion-global-energy-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"The Commodities Driving The $173 Trillion Global Energy Transition"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The energy transition is in full swing, with electric vehicles supplanting gas guzzlers and solar panels and wind turbines replacing coal and oil as the world\u2019s leading energy sources. The energy transition is driving the next commodity supercycle, with immense prospects for metals producers, technology manufacturers, and energy traders and investors.<\/p>

Indeed, new energy research provider BloombergNEF estimates that\u00a0the global transition will require ~$173 trillion<\/a>\u00a0in energy supply and infrastructure investment over the next three decades, with renewable energy expected to provide 85% of our energy needs by 2050.<\/p>

For instance, BNEF projects that by 2030, consumption of lithium and nickel by the battery sector will be at least 5x current levels. Meanwhile, demand for cobalt, used in many battery types, will jump by about 70%. Diverse EV and battery commodities such as copper, manganese, iron, phosphorus, and graphite\u2014all of which are needed in clean energy technologies and are required to expand electricity grids\u2014will see sharp spikes in demand.<\/p>

There\u2019s a big negative for the fossil fuel sector\u2014BNEF has forecast that electric and fuel cell vehicles will\u00a0displace 21 million barrels per day in oil demand\u00a0<\/a>by 2050.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Source: Bloomberg<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Here are the long-term outlooks for key commodities and clean energy sectors as per BNEF.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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#1. Solar Panels<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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KEY METALS AND MATERIALS: Steel, Aluminum, Polysilicon, Copper, Silver<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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TOP ETF: Invesco Solar Portfolio ETF (NYSEARCA:TAN)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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BNEF estimates that it takes 10,252 tons of aluminum, 3,380 tons of polysilicon, and 18.5 tons of silver to manufacture solar panels with 1GW capacity. With global installed solar capacity expected to double by 2025 and\u00a0quadruple to 3,000 GW by 2030<\/a>, the solar industry is expected to become a significant consumer of these commodities over the next decade.\u00a0<\/p>

An unexpected jump in demand for solar panels from late 2020 due to renewed carbon commitments by the Biden administration and China have led to a surge in the price of polysilicon and disrupted the decade-long falling costs of solar installations. According to a new report by the Solar Energy Industries Association and Wood Mackenzie, supply chain bottlenecks and rising raw materials costs have hit the U.S. solar industry, as\u00a0solar prices rose Q\/Q and Y\/Y during Q2<\/a>\u00a0across every U.S. market segment. This marks the first time that residential, commercial, and utility solar costs have increased together since Wood Mackenzie began tracking prices in 2014. The most significant cost pressures came from rising prices for raw materials, including steel and aluminum.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Several new polysilicon plants, mostly in China, are currently under development and are expected to bridge part of the supply gap. However, the current shortfall is a clear signal that a lot more needs to be done as the decarbonization and electrification drive accelerates.<\/p>

Luckily, BNEF analyst Yali Jiang says fundamental shortages of polysilicon are unlikely to become a long-term problem since prices always drive more capacity. BNEF says it\u2019s more concerned about other auxiliary materials in solar panel production and installation that use silver, aluminum and steel etc since these metals are subject to the wider commodity world.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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#2. Wind Turbines<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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KEY METALS AND MATERIALS: Concrete, Steel, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic, Electronic Scrap, Copper, Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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TOP ETF: First Trust Global Wind Energy ETF (NYSEARCA:FAN) <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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It takes about 154,352 tons of steel, 2,866 tons of copper, and 387 tons of aluminum to construct wind turbines and infrastructure with the power capacity of a gigawatt as per BNEF estimates. The Global Wind Energy Outlook (GWEO) has forecast\u00a0installed wind capacity to hit 2,110GW by 2030<\/a>, representing a 185% growth over the timeframe.<\/p>

Just like the solar sector, rising cost pressures are beginning to negatively impact the rollout of wind projects, which, coupled with the expiry of key subsidies in China, is expected to lead to record capacity additions dropping, according to the Global Wind Energy Council.<\/p>

In fact, Denmark\u2019s\u00a0Vestas Wind Systems A\/S<\/strong>\u00a0(OTCPK:VWDRY), one of the world\u2019s biggest turbine producers with 31% share of the global market,\u00a0recently cut its outlook<\/a>\u00a0for the rest of 2021, citing rising raw materials prices and disruptions to supply chains. In August, Vestas lowered its full-year revenue guidance to \u20ac15.5B-\u20ac16.5B from its previous forecast of \u20ac16B-\u20ac17B and expected EBIT margin to 5%-7% from its previous outlook of 6%-8%.<\/p>

A big part of the rising costs can be pinned on steel, with steel prices having jumped in the U.S. this year and advancing in China and Europe also.\u00a0<\/p>

But here again, the long-term outlook is bullish, with BNEF saying capacity additions will recover and reach an annual clip of 129 gigawatts by 2030.<\/p>

\u201cCommodities inflation is here. Beyond the next 12 months, it is now about seeing both that the projects can and will be built, and also what\u2019s the price?<\/em>\u201dHenrik Andersen, Vestas Wind\u2019s chief executive officer, has posed.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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#3. Lithium-Ion Batteries<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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KEY METALS AND MATERIALS: Copper, Aluminum, Lithium (LCE), Nickel, Cobalt, Manganese<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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TOP ETF: Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF (NYSEARCA:LIT)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Li-ion battery sector outlook is probably the most bullish of all.<\/p>

That\u2019s the case because of the rapid adoption of EVs as well as utilities having doubled down on utility-scale battery storage units (one megawatt (MW) or greater power capacity) as battery costs continue falling across the board. A\u00a0recent Pew Research Center survey<\/a>\u00a0found that 7% of U.S. adults currently have an electric or hybrid vehicle, and 39% say they are very or somewhat likely to seriously consider buying an EV when they next shop for a vehicle.<\/p>

Lithium-ion battery pack prices fell 89% from 2010 to 2020, with the volume-weighted average hitting $137\/kWh–$100\/KWh is considered the Holy Grail where EVs will achieve cost parity with ICEs.<\/p>

In 2019,\u00a0NextEra Energy<\/strong>\u00a0(NYSE:NEE) announced plans to build a 409-MW energy storage project in Florida that will be powered by utility-scale solar.<\/p>

Xcel Energy<\/strong>\u00a0(NASDAQ:XEL) has plans to replace its Comanche coal units with a $2.5-billion investment in renewables and battery storage, including 707 MW of solar PV, 1,131 megawatts (MW) of wind and 275 MW of battery storage in the State of Colorado.<\/p>

Duke Energy\u00a0<\/strong>(NYSE:DUK) announced plans to build an energy storage project at the Anderson Civic Center, Carolina, including investments to the tune of $500 million in battery storage projects for an electricity generation capacity of 300 MW.\u00a0<\/p>

According to the EIA, operating utility-scale battery storage power capacity in the United States more than quadrupled from 2014 (214 MW) through March 2019 (899 MW). The organization projects that utility-scale battery storage power capacity could exceed 2,500 MW by 2023, or a 180% increase, assuming currently planned additions are completed with no current operating capacity being retired.<\/p>

UBS estimates that the\u00a0United States energy storage market<\/a>\u00a0could grow to as much as $426 billion over the next decade.<\/p>

A host of energy experts, including\u00a0UBS<\/strong>,\u00a0BloombergNEF<\/strong>,\u00a0S&P Market Intelligence<\/strong>, and\u00a0Wood Mackenzie<\/strong>\u00a0are extremely bullish about the prospects of the battery storage industry\u2014both over the near-and long term\u2014as the clean energy drive gains huge momentum.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Source: EIA<\/em><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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BNEF estimates that it takes 1,731 tons of copper, 1,202 tons of aluminum and 729 tons of lithium to manufacture 1GWh Li-ion batteries.<\/p>

In its June report, BNEF says that\u00a0supply of lithium is likely to remain tight through 2022 as demand from the battery sector builds. But unlike solar and wind, where key deficits are expected to be more ephemeral in nature, BNEF says that lithium hydroxide, the chemical favored for premium Li-ion cells, could see shortages by 2027.<\/p>

To make the situation even more dicey, limited availability of other battery materials is already threatening the battery sector\u2019s ability to keep pace with the EV boom.\u00a0 Lithium chemicals and copper foil are a particular concern, while all key battery metals having seen price spikes since mid-2020.<\/p>

Kwasi Ampofo, head of metals and mining at BNEF, says battery ingredients nickel and manganese could see some of the most severe shortages later this decade thanks to a lack of capacity to process those metals into specialist chemicals.<\/p>

Lei Zhang, chief executive officer of Envision Group, says the supply chain of batteries, especially on the raw material side, needs more investment, including in new lithium and nickel mines.<\/p>

Price swings are a major concern in the battery sector because higher costs could have a negative effect on EV adoption.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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#4. EV Chargers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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KEY METALS AND MATERIALS: Copper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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TOP ETF: Global X Autonomous & Electric Vehicles ETF (NYSEARCA: DRIV)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The growth of the overall EV charging stations market is mainly hinged on factors such as rising demand for EV fast-charging infrastructure, government initiatives to drive the adoption of EVs and associated infrastructure, increasing deployment of EVs by shared mobility operators and increasing prevalence of range anxiety.<\/p>

A single fast, public electric vehicle charger typically needs 25 kilograms of copper, while a smaller charger to use at home needs around 2 kilograms of copper, according to BloombergNEF estimates.That might not seem like much, but could be significant when you consider that global charge points are expected to increase from 1.3 million units in 2020 to 30.8 million units by 2027, good for a CAGR of nearly 50%.<\/p>

U.S. President Biden has pledged to\u00a0roll out 500,000 new charging stations<\/a>\u00a0in the country by 2030. China–home to the lion\u2019s share of the world\u2019s public connectors–is adding chargers at a breakneck pace while the likes of\u00a0Tesla Inc<\/strong>.(NASDAQTSLA) and\u00a0BP Plc<\/strong>\u00a0(NYSE:BP) have made big commitments.<\/p>

Installations of public chargers along highways, at fleet depots and in grocery store parking lots jumped more than a third last year to bring the global total to 1.36 million units. BNEF sees charger installations increasing rapidly to reach 309 million connectors by 2040, when the sector\u2019s annual investment will top $590 billion.\u00a0<\/p>

Australia-based Tritium, the world\u2019s second-largest producer of fast charging units, says charging stations are already experiencing price pressures in certain areas, such as rising copper prices.<\/p>

EV charging infrastructure is highly exposed to raw material shortages, and the rising cost of materials could impact rollouts.<\/p>

By Alex Kimani for Oilprice.com<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The energy transition is in full swing, with electric vehicles supplanting gas guzzlers and solar panels and wind turbines replacing coal and oil as the world\u2019s leading energy sources. The energy transition is driving the next commodity supercycle, with immense prospects for metals producers, technology manufacturers, and energy traders and investors.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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The Commodities Driving The $173 Trillion Global Energy Transition<\/a><\/blockquote>